Ensaio Clínico Randomizado Comparando Texas-PEG, Polilaminina e Células-Tronco Mesenquimais para Lesão Medular Aguda Incompleta: Protocolo de Estudo e Racional
Autor
- Março de 2026
Resumo
Introdução
Métodos
1. Desenho do Estudo
2. População e Critérios de Elegibilidade
3. Intervenções
Braço 1 – Texas-PEG:
Durante a cirurgia de descompressão medular, será realizada a injeção intramedular de Texas-PEG. A formulação consistirá em nanoribbons de grafeno em uma solução de polietilenoglicol (0,2–0,5% em PEG), com um volume de 10–50 μL, baseado em estudos pré-clínicos que demonstraram sua eficácia na redução da cicatriz glial e na promoção da condução elétrica [48] [49]. O Texas-PEG atuará como um scaffold condutor, visando reconstituir a conexão elétrica através da lesão [50].
Braço 2 – Polilaminina:
Será administrada uma injeção intramedular de polilaminina (preparação estéril, concentração padronizada pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ) dentro de 6 dias após o trauma, conforme protocolos iniciais em humanos [51] [52]. A polilaminina é um polímero de laminina-411 que promove a adesão neural, o crescimento axonal e possui um efeito anti-inflamatório, contribuindo para um ambiente regenerativo [53] [54].
Braço 3 – Células-Tronco Mesenquimais (MSCs) – Controle Ativo:
Serão utilizadas MSCs autólogas, obtidas da medula óssea ou tecido adiposo do próprio paciente. As células serão expandidas in vitro e caracterizadas conforme os critérios da International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT) e as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (Good Manufacturing Practice – GMP) [55] [56]. A administração será por via intramedular, com monitorização eletrofisiológica (Potenciais Evocados Motores – MEP e Potenciais Evocados Somatossensoriais – SSEP) durante a infusão para garantir a segurança e a precisão do procedimento [57] [58]. As MSCs são escolhidas como controle ativo devido ao seu perfil de segurança estabelecido e aos resultados promissores em ensaios clínicos de fase I/II [59] [60].
4. Procedimentos Clínicos
Desfechos (Endpoints)
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Tipo de Desfecho
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Descrição
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Pontos de Tempo de Avaliação
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Primário
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Mudança de ≥1 ponto na ASIA-Impairment Scale (AIS) (A–D) [64]
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6 meses
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Secundários
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Pontuação na International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISC-SCI) [65], força motora (Medical Research Council – MRC) [66], sensibilidade (pinprick e light touch) [67], latência de potenciais evocados (MEP e SSEP) [68].
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3, 6, 12 meses
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Segurança
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Eventos adversos graves (EAGs), incluindo infecção, inflamação extensa, formação de cistos, tumorigenicidade teórica e efeitos neurológicos inesperados [69] [70].
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24 horas a 12 meses
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5.1. Tamanho da Amostra e Análise Estatística
5.2. Aspectos Éticos e Regulatórios
Discussão
Conclusão
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